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隧道支护结构体系是围岩稳定性控制的关键,也是隧道设计的基本任务,而对支护结构之间相互作用过程和机制的系统认识则是定量化设计的基础. 本文从隧道围岩结构性和支护作用的本质特征出发,提出隧道支护具有"调动"和"协助"围岩承载的基本作用,明确了二者的功能分配原则和实现方式,即分别通过超前支护的保障作用、初期支护的核心作用和二次衬砌的储备作用共同完成;针对围岩的正面挤出、前倾式冒落和后倾式冒落等三种超前破坏模式,分别给出了相应的超前支护方式和支护效果评价方法;提出初期支护作为隧道围岩附加载荷的主要承担者,包括锚固体系与拱架及喷射混凝土结构,分别通过"调动"和"协助"围岩实现其承载功能,且同时具有"支"与"护"的作用;阐明了二次衬砌结构作为储备功能的内涵,建立了二次衬砌结构的载荷分担比率与刚度匹配性、支护时机的关系,并据此给出了二次衬砌结构参数和施作时机的建议值;建立了以围岩变形量$S$小和协同度$\xi$优为目标,基于超前支护、初期支护和二次衬砌与围岩相互作用三阶段的协同支护优化模型,明确了支护结构体系与围岩、不同支护结构之间以及支护结构要素之间三个层次的协同关系,并提出了隧道支护结构体系协同优化设计方法.
关键词: 隧道工程, 支护结构体系, "支护——围岩"动态作用, 协同作用, 支护结构设计
Abstract:
Tunnel support structure system is the key of controlling the stability of surrounding rock, which is also the basic task of tunnel design, while systemic understanding of the process and mechanism of interaction among support structures is the basis of quantitative design. This paper embarks from structural property of tunnel surrounding rock and the constitutive property of support effect, the basic function of tunnel support that "mobilizing" and "assisting" surrounding rock bearing is put forward, of which the function distribution principle and realization way are clarified, namely, through the guarantee role of advanced support, the core role of primary support and safety reserve role of secondary lining to complete. In view of three advanced failure modes including the positive extrusion, the forward type caving and posterior tilt falling of surrounding rock, the corresponding advanced support pattern and its effect evaluation method are given respectively. The primary support is the main undertaker of tunnel surrounding rock additional load, including the anchorage system and the arch and shotcrete structure, whose bearing function is carried out by "mobilizing" and "assisting" surrounding rock respectively, and also have the function of "bracing" and "protecting". The connotation of secondary lining structure as security reserve function is illuminated. The relationship between load sharing ratio and stiffness matching and support time of secondary lining structure is established, according to which the suggestive values of structure parameters and support time of secondary lining are provided. The collaborative support optimization model is set up based on the three stages of the interaction between advanced support, primary support, secondary lining and surrounding rock, whose targets are minimizing surrounding rock deformation S and optimizing synergy degreeξ. Three levels of synergy including relations between support structure system and surrounding rock, different support structures and different support structure elements are clarified. And a collaborative optimization design method for tunnel support structure is proposed.
一、弯拱机定义
弯拱机，从字面上理解，就是将直的材料弯曲为拱形材料的机械。工程上又叫冷弯机，因为是在冷状态对型钢进行的弯曲，故名冷弯机。此外还有叫作，弯曲机、弯弧机、折弯机、顶弯机、拉弯机等。
二、弯拱机分类
根据弯曲型钢的类别可分为
工字钢弯拱机、槽钢弯拱机、U型钢弯拱机、H钢弯拱机、角钢弯拱机、轨道钢弯拱机、方钢弯拱机以及一些特种型钢弯拱机。
根据顶弯力度可分为100弯拱机、150弯拱机、250弯拱机、300弯拱机、350弯拱机
三、弯拱机结构组成
液压冷弯供机由两套主电机及减速器组，主动滚轮。被动滚轮及油泵电机，齿轮泵，溢流阀，电磁转向阀工作油缸组成的液压工作站等部件组成。
其他型钢需根据具体规格衡定，可弯曲种类包含工字钢、H型钢、U型钢、槽钢、角钢、轨道钢、矿用工字钢等以及部分方管圆管；
本厂冷弯机为全自动液压操作。类型有工字钢冷弯机、H型钢冷弯机、槽钢冷弯机、U型钢冷弯机等等。应用于隧道、地铁、水电站、地下洞室等施工中，是钢拱架制造的理想设备。具有**效**率**高、无**需**进**行热加工，弯曲机力量大，结构强等优**势。
在浙江省采购工字钢冷弯机-诚信立足请认准万泽愚公机械制造有限公司,品质保证让您买得放心,用得安心，厂家直销,减少中间环节，让您购买到更加实惠、更加可靠的产品。（联系人:秦少军-13803400752,QQ:88962040,地址:小店区208国道东蒲村东蒲路一号）。
