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隧道支护结构体系是围岩稳定性控制的关键,也是隧道设计的基本任务,而对支护结构之间相互作用过程和机制的系统认识则是定量化设计的基础. 本文从隧道围岩结构性和支护作用的本质特征出发,提出隧道支护具有"调动"和"协助"围岩承载的基本作用,明确了二者的功能分配原则和实现方式,即分别通过超前支护的保障作用、初期支护的核心作用和二次衬砌的储备作用共同完成;针对围岩的正面挤出、前倾式冒落和后倾式冒落等三种超前破坏模式,分别给出了相应的超前支护方式和支护效果评价方法;提出初期支护作为隧道围岩附加载荷的主要承担者,包括锚固体系与拱架及喷射混凝土结构,分别通过"调动"和"协助"围岩实现其承载功能,且同时具有"支"与"护"的作用;阐明了二次衬砌结构作为储备功能的内涵,建立了二次衬砌结构的载荷分担比率与刚度匹配性、支护时机的关系,并据此给出了二次衬砌结构参数和施作时机的建议值;建立了以围岩变形量$S$小和协同度$\xi$优为目标,基于超前支护、初期支护和二次衬砌与围岩相互作用三阶段的协同支护优化模型,明确了支护结构体系与围岩、不同支护结构之间以及支护结构要素之间三个层次的协同关系,并提出了隧道支护结构体系协同优化设计方法.
关键词: 隧道工程, 支护结构体系, "支护——围岩"动态作用, 协同作用, 支护结构设计
Abstract:
Tunnel support structure system is the key of controlling the stability of surrounding rock, which is also the basic task of tunnel design, while systemic understanding of the process and mechanism of interaction among support structures is the basis of quantitative design. This paper embarks from structural property of tunnel surrounding rock and the constitutive property of support effect, the basic function of tunnel support that "mobilizing" and "assisting" surrounding rock bearing is put forward, of which the function distribution principle and realization way are clarified, namely, through the guarantee role of advanced support, the core role of primary support and safety reserve role of secondary lining to complete. In view of three advanced failure modes including the positive extrusion, the forward type caving and posterior tilt falling of surrounding rock, the corresponding advanced support pattern and its effect evaluation method are given respectively. The primary support is the main undertaker of tunnel surrounding rock additional load, including the anchorage system and the arch and shotcrete structure, whose bearing function is carried out by "mobilizing" and "assisting" surrounding rock respectively, and also have the function of "bracing" and "protecting". The connotation of secondary lining structure as security reserve function is illuminated. The relationship between load sharing ratio and stiffness matching and support time of secondary lining structure is established, according to which the suggestive values of structure parameters and support time of secondary lining are provided. The collaborative support optimization model is set up based on the three stages of the interaction between advanced support, primary support, secondary lining and surrounding rock, whose targets are minimizing surrounding rock deformation S and optimizing synergy degreeξ. Three levels of synergy including relations between support structure system and surrounding rock, different support structures and different support structure elements are clarified. And a collaborative optimization design method for tunnel support structure is proposed.
黑龙江绥化液压劈裂机
角钢弯曲机
弯曲机分卧式和立式两种,根据不同的轴布置也可分为上调式和下调式,它是弯曲铝合金异型材、扁钢、方钢、圆钢、角钢、I型钢、H型钢、方管、矩形管、圆管等型材的先进机器。可根据用户的要求订制不同的模具。4辊都是主动辊、有4个独立的液压马达驱动。卷制速度快、精度高。
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角铁卷圆机是将碳钢、不锈钢、有色金属型材(角钢、带钢、槽钢、管子等)卷制成直径ф320-ф6000mm的圆环和法兰的一种高质量、益的卷圆装置。其结构独特,具有体积小、能耗低、效率高、无噪音、安装使用方便、操作简单、承载能力强、寿命长、卷圆速度快、产品质量可靠等优点。代替了原有钢板下料、对接、校正、车床加工等复杂工艺,并节省了氧气、乙炔、劳动力、原材料等,是制造法兰的先进母机。该产品广泛适用于风机、桥梁模板、化工设备、电缆线架、矿用防爆开关、离心机等机械设备行业的应用。也适用于对外加工,利润丰厚。
黑龙江绥化万泽愚公机械制造有限公司质量观念是:通过不断改进 液压劈裂机和缺陷确保顾客满意;为顾客提供好的 液压劈裂机产品;建立和维持一个切实有效的质量管理体系;通过内部交流,促使全体员工参与质量。同时,我们遵守的环境法规,遵循集团公司全球法规和标准,从而确保生产流程能够利用能源,与环境协调发展。
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